ASTM E28-1999(2004) 用环球仪测定从松脂制品中取得的树脂的软化点的标准试验方法
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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodsforSofteningPointofResinsDerivedfromNavalStoresbyRing-and-BallApparatus
【原文标准名称】:用环球仪测定从松脂制品中取得的树脂的软化点的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME28-1999(2004)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1999
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D01.34
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:油性涂料;涂料;热试验;软化点;试验设备;试验
【英文主题词】:ringandball;rosin;softeningpoint
【摘要】:Ingeneral,withmaterialsofthesetypes,softeningdoesnottakeplaceatadefinitetemperature.Asthetemperaturerises,thesematerialsgraduallychangefrombrittleorexceedinglythickandslow-flowingmaterialstosofterandlessviscousliquids.Forthisreason,thedeterminationofthesofteningpointmustbemadebyafixed,arbitrary,andcloselydefinedmethodiftheresultsobtainedaretobecomparable.Inthesetestmethods,thesofteningpointisdefinedasthetemperatureatwhichadiskofthesampleheldwithinahorizontalringisforceddownwardadistanceof25.4mm(1in.)undertheweightofasteelballasthesampleisheatedat5x00B0;C/mininawater,glycerin,siliconeoil,ethyleneglycol/waterorglycerin/waterbath.1.1Thesetestmethodsareintendedfordeterminingthesofteningpointofresins(includingrosinandterpeneresins)andsimilarmaterialsbymeansofthering-and-ballapparatus.Note18212;Fortestingasphalts,tars,andpitches,seeTestMethodD36.1.1.1Testmethodusingthemanualringandballsofteningpointapparatus,and1.1.2Testmethodusinganautomatedringandballsofteningpointapparatus.1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:A53;G31
【国际标准分类号】:87_040(PAINTSANDVARNISHES)
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【英文标准名称】:UniversalDecimalClassification-Englishfulledition-UniversalDecimalClassification-Auxiliarytable1e[41/435],CommonauxiliariesofplaceforUnitedKingdomandGermany-Extendededition
【原文标准名称】:国际十进分类法.英语全版本.国际十进分类法.英国和德国用辅助表格Ie(41/435)和普通数位辅助件.扩展版本
【标准号】:BS1000Auxiliaries1e[41/435]-1999
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:1999-12-15
【实施或试行日期】:1999-12-15
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:地理和政治区域;辅助的;国际十进分类法;英国;分类系统;德国;地理学
【英文主题词】:Auxiliary;Classificationsystems;Geographicandpoliticaldivisions;Geography;Germany;UnitedKingdom;UniversalDecimalClassification
【摘要】:1ScopeoftableleTheUDCcommonauxiliariesofplace,signifiedby"brackets-one-to-nine"(1/9),indicatethegeographicalrange,localityorotherspatialaspectofanitemofinformation.Theymaybecitedwithmainnumberswhentheplaceaspectissecondary,orcombinedwithdifferentauxiliariesorotherplaceauxiliaries.Theymayalsobeusedindependently,socreatingasequenceinwhichtheplacefacetistheonlyoneexpressed—forinstance,inindexingcertainkindsofmap.ExamplesofuseandofcombinationwithothernumbersaregiveninBS1000M.2ScopeofthiseditionThisextendededitionofpartoftablelecontainstheadministrativedivisionsoftheUnitedKingdomandGermanytotertiarylevel(districts,Kreiseetc.).Ontheprinciplethattherewilloftenbeaneedfortablesatanextendedlevelofdetailforone'sowncountryandforcertainotherusersspecializingininformationaboutthecountryconcerned,thetablesgivenherearesubdividedtoagreaterlevelofdetailthanthoseintheMasterReferenceFile(seetheForeword)butarecompatiblewithit.TheytakeaccountofthenewadministrativearrangementsinGermanyfollowingreunificationin1990andintheUnitedKingdomfollowingreorganizationsbetween1995and1998.Atthetimeofwriting,reorganizationisimminentintheRepublicofIreland;forthetimebeing,itremainsat(417/419),subdividedtocountylevel.ThetraditionaldivisionsoftheUKareretainedat(411/429)toallowforhistoricalinformation.Similarly,provisionismadefortheobsoletedivisionsofEasternGermany,andthesubdivisionsforthepre-1934statesareretained.
【中国标准分类号】:K14
【国际标准分类号】:01_140_20
【页数】:38P;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardReferenceRadiographsforHigh-StrengthCopper-BaseandNickel-CopperAlloyCastings
【原文标准名称】:高强度铜基和镍铜合金铸件标准参考射线照片
【标准号】:ASTME272-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E07.02
【标准类型】:(Specification)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:aluminumbronze;castingdiscontinuities;copper;copper-nickel;gammaray;manganesebronze;manganese-nickel-aluminumbronze;nickel-aluminum;nickel-copper;referenceradiographs;X-ray;Copperalloycastings;Diffractionmottling;High-stren
【摘要】:Referenceradiographsforhigh-strengthcopper-baseandnickel-copperalloycastingsareintendedtobeusedasaguidetotherecognitionofcommondiscontinuitiesandtheirdifferentiationbothastotypeandseveritylevel.Discontinuitytypesmostcommontothesealloysareillustrated.Otherdiscontinuitytypessuchashottears,cracksandunfusedchapletsareillustratedinapplicableReferenceRadiographsE186,E192,andE446.Forreference,descriptionsoftypicalcastingdefectsandcorrespondingradiographicindicationtypesarecontainedinSection5.Purchasersandsuppliersmay,bymutualagreement,selectparticulardiscontinuityclasses(see1.2)toserveasstandardsrepresentingminimumlevelsofacceptability.(SeeSections7and8.)Referenceradiographsrepresentedbythisstandardmaybeused,asagreeduponinapurchasersupplieragreement,forenergylevels,thicknessesorbothoutsidetherangeofthisstandardwhendeterminedapplicableforthecastingserviceapplication.ProceduresforevaluationofproductionradiographsusingapplicablereferenceradiographsofthisstandardareprescribedinSection9;however,theremaybemanufacturing-purchaserissuesinvolvingspecificcastingserviceapplicationswhereitmaybeappropriatetomodifyoraltersuchrequirements.Wheresuchmodificationsmaybeappropriateforthecastingapplication,allsuchchangesshallbecalled-outinthepurchasersupplieragreementorcontractualdocument.Section10addressespurchasersupplierrequisiteswhereweldrepairsmayberequired.ThefollowingASTMspecificationsillustratealloysthatmaybeusedwiththesestandards.Itisintendedthatthesereferenceradiographsalsoapplytorelatedgovernmentandcommercialmaterialspecifications.1.1Thesereferenceradiographsillustratevariouscategories,types,andseveritylevelsofdiscontinuitiesoccurringinhigh-strengthcopper-base,nickel-copper,andrelatedalloycastings.ThereferenceradiographfilmsareanadjuncttothisdocumentandmustbepurchasedseparatelyfromASTMInternational,ifneeded(see2.3).Categoriesandseveritylevelsforeachdiscontinuitytyperepresentedbythesereferenceradiographsaredescribedin1.2.Note18212;ThebasisofapplicationforthesereferenceradiographsrequiresapriorpurchasersupplieragreementofradiographicexaminationattributesandclassificationcriteriondescribedinSections4,7,8,9,and10ofthisstandard.1.2Thesereferenceradiographsconsistofforty-five5by7-in.(127by178-mm)nominalsizereproductions(twentymadefrom1-in.(25.4-mm)platecastingsexposedwithlowvoltageX-raysforthicknessesuptoandincluding2in.)andtwenty-fivemadefrom3-in.(76-mm)platecastingsexposedwith2MVX-raysorCobalt60isotopeforthicknessesgreaterthan2in.uptoandincluding6in.Unlessotherwisespecifiedinapurchasersupplieragreement(see1.1),eachdiscontinuitycategoryisforcomparisononlywithproductionradiographsproducedwithradiationenergylevelswithinthethicknessrangecoveredbythecategory.Thesereferenceradiographsillustratediscontinuitiesinsand-castmanganese-nickel-aluminumbronze-alloyplatesandarerepresentativeofthosefoundinnarrowfreezingrange(formerlyx201C;highshrinkagex201D;),high-strengthcopperandnickel-copperalloys.Followingisalistofdiscontinuitycategories,typesandseveritylevelsfortheadjunctreferenceradiographsofthisstandard(seeNote2):
【中国标准分类号】:H62
【国际标准分类号】:77_150_40
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
